Graduate students working on their Ph.D. in Portuguese may complete a Ph.D. minor in the department (either in Spanish Linguistics, or Spanish or Latin American Literature) or outside the department, in areas such as Latin American Studies, Latino Studies, African American and African Diaspora Studies, Comparative Literature, Gender Studies, and Film Studies, among others. Portuguese graduate students also complement their coursework on literature with classes in a secondary area, usually Spanish or Spanish American literature.